What does the glycemic index measure?

The glycemic index measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food affects blood glucose levels after consumption. It provides a numerical scale that ranks foods based on how rapidly they raise blood sugar compared to a reference food, typically glucose or white bread. Foods with a high glycemic index cause a rapid increase in blood sugar levels, while those with a low glycemic index lead to a slower, more gradual rise. This concept is particularly important for people managing diabetes or those who are concerned about their energy levels and overall health in relation to carbohydrate intake.

Understanding the glycemic index is crucial for meal planning and can help individuals make informed dietary choices that maintain balanced blood sugar levels. The other options focus on different macronutrients—protein, fiber, and fat—which are not measured by the glycemic index.