What is a major consequence of inadequate protein intake?

Inadequate protein intake leads to muscle wasting or loss because proteins are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues, including muscle. Proteins are comprised of amino acids, which are necessary for synthesizing new muscle tissue and repairing any damage. When the body does not receive sufficient protein, it starts to break down existing muscle tissue to meet its needs, resulting in decreased muscle mass and strength. This is particularly evident in individuals who do not consume enough calories overall, as the body prioritizes more immediate energy needs over muscle maintenance.

In contrast, the other options do not directly relate to the consequences of insufficient protein intake. Weight gain typically occurs from consuming excess calories rather than inadequate protein, while increased cholesterol levels are more influenced by the types of fats consumed and overall dietary patterns. Higher energy levels are often associated with adequate caloric and nutrient intake, including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, so insufficient protein would not lead to increased energy.